Burn Baby Burn

"I would like your opinion. I understand your graphic on the money supply of various different nations, and how the exchange rate is matched by the relevant abundance of each currency. However, can you say something on supply and demand.For example, if the USA was to double its cash supply by just printing it, and country X did nothing. "

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Hope you don't mind the indirectness, but I would like to answer with a metaphor:

Let's say the total currency supply of a given nation is a house, and day after day, construction crews slave to add rooms to the country's mansion. In that case, let's call it the norm, yes, country X can dial up their construction rate (their inflation rate) by hiring more crews. They can either encourage shakier borrowing to pay for it, or they might emigrate a new pool of hard workers willing to build for less. So during normal operation, they may voluntarily devalue their nation's currency by method of inflation, so as to increase bank profits.

Today is not the norm.

Today, fire crews are on the scene. Rooms hastily added have caught fire. There is an inferno in progress. What little construction we can muster is dwarfed, both in pace and scope, by the blaze.

So to me, your question is sort of like asking the Fire Marshal, "How long before you double the size of this house?"

The reality is that all national mansions are burning. Since burn rates dwarf construction rates, the comparative rate of decline is fairly even all around, scary fast, with no effective way to temper or control pure entropy.

If you want to complete the metaphor, make the Fire Marshal an arsonist who also happens to be the listed insurance beneficiary. Now, ask the same question...